Linux Basics

This document provides a list of basic Linux commands to help you get started with file and directory management, system information, networking, and more.

File and Directory Management

• ls: List directory contents.
• cd [directory]: Change the current directory.
• pwd: Print the current working directory.
• mkdir [directory]: Create a new directory.
• rmdir [directory]: Remove an empty directory.
• rm [file]: Remove a file.
• rm -r [directory]: Remove a directory and its contents recursively.
• cp [source] [destination]: Copy files or directories.
• mv [source] [destination]: Move or rename files or directories.

File Viewing and Editing

• cat [file]: Concatenate and display file content.
• less [file]: View file content one screen at a time.
• nano [file]: Edit files using the nano text editor.
• vim [file]: Edit files using the vim text editor.

System Information

• uname -a: Display all system information.
• top: Display tasks and system status.
• df -h: Display disk space usage.
• free -h: Display memory usage.

File Permissions

• chmod [permissions] [file]: Change file permissions.
• chown [owner]:[group] [file]: Change file owner and group.

Networking

• ping [host]: Send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts.
• ifconfig: Configure network interfaces.
• curl [url]: Transfer data from or to a server.

Process Management

• ps: Report a snapshot of current processes.
• kill [PID]: Terminate a process by its PID.
• killall [process_name]: Terminate all processes with the given name.

Package Management (Debian-based systems)

• apt-get update: Update package lists.
• apt-get upgrade: Upgrade all packages.
• apt-get install [package]: Install a package.
• apt-get remove [package]: Remove a package.

Miscellaneous

• echo [text]: Display a line of text.
• man [command]: Display the manual for a command.
• history: Show command history.
• clear: Clear the terminal screen.

These commands should help you get started with basic Linux operations.